Sodium zeolite softening is an ion exchange method for removing hardness from water sources achieved by exchanging calcium and magnesium ions for sodium. This process is ideal when applied to domestic, commercial and industrial water softening due to useful purposes such as filtering, odor removal and ion exchange. When a softener with fresh resin is in service, the sodium ions in the surface layer of the bed are [...]
Galvanized coatings for cooling tower systems have been used in the industry since the 1950s. The galvanizing process binds a layer of zinc metal to steel. When properly applied and passivated, the zinc coating works as a nonpermeable sacrificial anode to prevent corrosion of the underlying steel structure. White rust, which is the oxidation form of the zinc coating, shows up as white spots and bumps on a galvanized [...]
The use of Ozone has become an optional biocide in smaller cooling towers, evaporative condensers and process applications where low to moderate traditional biocides, such as bleach and bromine, have been used. Facilities seeking ‘green' solutions are using Ozone to reduce chemical discharge, reduce on-site chemical handling by workers, and provide a hands off treatment approach, especially in hard to [...]
Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a proven technology with new applications for various industries. U.S. Water’s representatives pride themselves on having extensive knowledge of RO unit installation, operations, troubleshooting and cleaning procedures. Let’s review the standards and best practices for RO units by first reviewing the process of osmosis. OSMOSIS: A NATURAL OCCURRENCE Osmosis is a natural [...]
Introduction Water supply issues and sustainability are emerging as a national concern with the energy sector coming under increasing scrutiny. This is certainly the case with the ethanol industry. State discharge regulations have and are dictating that plant designs incorporate technological solutions to minimizing water use. These designs involve utilizing equipment that allows flexibility in reusing water [...]
republished with permission from Ethanol Today , December 2010 In the agribusiness sector where acronyms abound, some corn producers and ethanol plant investors are learning yet another one: ZLD It stands for “zero liquid discharge,” and it could be an important future trend for the ethanol industry as plants weigh the possible benefits of treating and re-using water that has already been [...]